Auxiliary Data  Help   The ".krz" format  The ".opa" files with continuous opacities 

Auxiliary Data

In Gustafsson et al. (2008) almost all metal line opacity data used in the construction of the MARCS model atmospheres was obtained from VALD 1 (Piskunov et al. 1995) and VALD 2 (Stempels et al. 2001). For for 948 atomic lines in VALD 1, and 1276 lines of the 10 most important revised species (Si I, Ca I, Ca II, Ti II, Cr I, Cr II, Mn II, Fe I, Fe II, and Ni II) in VALD 2, however, we obtained and used astrophysical gf values to improve the detailed line spectrum fit to the solar spectrum.

The modified lines fall in the wavelength range 3783 to 8968 Å, and are based on ocular inspection of fits of synthetic solar intensity spectra calculated with the Holweger & Müller (1974) model to the observed solar disk-center FTS spectrum of Brault & Neckel (1987). About 40% of the modified lines are Fe I lines. The most common modifications to the log gf values are negative, since a too strong synthetic line is probably wrong, while a too weak line may be correct and explained by unidentified line blends. A log gf value was only increased when some alternative line identification supported that of the wavelength coincidence. A value of -9.99 signals that the line was not found in the solar spectrum.

This Readme text can be downloaded as astroph_gfVALD.txt.

The plain text data tables astroph_gfVALD1.dat and astroph_gfVALD2.dat give for each line :

1. Element number in the periodic table
2. Ion (1 for neutral, 2 for singly ionized)
3. VALD air wavelength (A) (VALD 1 or VALD 2, respectively)
4. Lower level excitation energy (eV) (VALD 1 or VALD 2, respectively)
5. Lower level j quantum number (VALD 1 or VALD 2, respectively)
6. Astrophysical value of log gf (elaborated to within 0.1 dex)
7. Species label
8. Lower level designation (VALD 1 or VALD 2, respectively)
9. Upper level designation (VALD 1 or VALD 2, respectively)
10. Original VALD log gf (VALD 1 or VALD 2, respectively)

Example: The beginning of file astroph_gfVALD1.dat :

28 1 3783.5240  0.4230  2.0  -1.70 'Ni I ' 'a 1D       ' 'z 5F*      ' -1.310


60 2 3784.2450  0.3800  5.5  -0.05 'Nd II' '6s  4I     ' '6p *       '  0.098


22 1 3789.2940  1.4600  4.0  -0.75 'Ti I ' '(4F)4s b3F ' '(3P)sp u3D ' -0.451


12 1 3789.5690  4.3460  1.0  -9.99 'Mg I ' 's3p  1P    ' '22d  1D    ' -2.000


12 1 3793.1630  4.3460  1.0  -9.99 'Mg I ' 's3p  1P    ' '21d  1D    ' -2.000


22 1 3795.8940  1.4430  3.0  -0.15 'Ti I ' '(4F)4s b3F ' '(3P)sp u3D ' -0.295


40 2 3796.4930  1.0110  4.5  -0.90 'Zr II' '4d3 a2G    ' 'd25p z2G   ' -0.830


12 1 3797.1690  4.3460  1.0  -9.99 'Mg I ' 's3p  1P    ' '20d  1D    ' -2.000


40 2 3800.7430  0.5270  1.5  -2.05 'Zr II' 'd25s a2D   ' 'd25p z4F   ' -1.300


58 2 3801.5260  0.8970  5.5  -0.05 'Ce II' 'fd6s *4G   ' 'fd6p  4H   '  0.870

The reference for the astrophysical gf values is Gustafsson et al. (2008).

• Brault & Neckel 1987, unpublished
• Gustafsson B., Edvardsson B., Eriksson K., Jørgensen U.G., Nordlund Å., Plez B. 2008, A&A 486, 951
• Holweger & Müller, 1974, Solar Physics 39, 19
• Piskunov et al. 1995, A&AS 112, 525 (VALD 1)
• Stempels et al. 2001, ASP Conf. Ser. 223, 878, eds. R.J. Garcia Lopez, R. Rebolo, M.R. Zapaterio Osorio (VALD 2)

The VALD home pages may be found e.g. at http://www.astro.uu.se/~vald/